Final answer:
The extracellular matrix provides structural support and acts as a communication pathway for cells, particularly in processes such as blood clotting where it facilitates an organized response to injury.
Step-by-step explanation:
The extracellular matrix serves as a structural support for animal cells and plays a crucial role in the communication pathway for water soluble substances. It contains an intricate network composed of proteins such as collagen, and carbohydrate-rich molecules called proteoglycans. This complex scaffold not only anchors cells together to form tissues but also facilitates intercellular communication. For example, in blood clotting, the cells lining a blood vessel will display a protein receptor called tissue factor. When tissue factor engages with components in the extracellular matrix, it triggers platelets to adhere to the damaged site, causes smooth muscle contraction, and initiates a cascade of events leading to clot formation. Therefore, the extracellular matrix acts as a medium through which signals can be transmitted, facilitating an organized response to injury or other stimuli.