Question

. Which of the following is NOT usually induced in response to TLR signaling?

A. TNF-α
B. IL-1
C. iNOS
D. IL-6
E. IL-4

Answer 1

The correct answer is E. IL-4. When Toll-like receptors (TLR) are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), they signal the immune system to initiate an immune response. This typically leads to the production of various cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1, iNOS, and IL-6, which help coordinate the immune response and promote inflammation. However, IL-4 is not typically induced in response to TLR signaling.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct answer is E. IL-4.

When Toll-like receptors (TLR) are activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), they signal the immune system to initiate an immune response. This typically leads to the production of various cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1, iNOS, and IL-6, which help coordinate the immune response and promote inflammation. However, IL-4 is not typically induced in response to TLR signaling.