Question

Which of the following is NOT a behavior that likely evolved because it has a positive effect on the indirect component of inclusive fitness?

A) a female wasp helps an unrelated dominant female reproduce so that she will take over the reproductive role when the dominant female dies
B) a bird remains on its natal territory, helping to rear brothers and sisters
C) a human female loses fertility in middle age, but helps in rearing grandchildren
D) All of the above would evolve through positive effects on indirect fitness

Answer 1

Option D) All of the above would evolve through positive effects on indirect fitness is NOT a behavior that likely evolved because it has a positive effect on the indirect component of inclusive fitness.

Step-by-step explanation:

The behavior that is NOT likely to have a positive effect on the indirect component of inclusive fitness is option D) All of the above would evolve through positive effects on indirect fitness.

The behaviors described in options A, B, and C, all involve actions that increase an individual's fitness indirectly through their relatives. However, option D suggests that all of the behaviors would evolve through positive effects on indirect fitness, which is not accurate.