Final answer:
The genetic information in mRNA is translated into proteins by ribosomes. Translation involves reading mRNA codons to assemble amino acids into proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The genetic information in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into proteins by cellular components called ribosomes. The process of translation converts nucleotide-based genetic information from mRNA into a protein product by reading the sequence of codons on the mRNA. Each codon consists of a three-nucleotide sequence that specifies an amino acid, and there are 20 commonly occurring amino acids that make up protein sequences. The ribosomes facilitate the assembly of these amino acids in the correct sequence to produce a functional protein, effectively translating the genetic code into the language of proteins.