Final answer:
The inheritance pattern where genes are inherited together because they are close on the same chromosome is called linkage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inheritance pattern where two or more genes do not assort independently because they are close together on the same chromosome is called linkage. This linkage phenomenon means that alleles located near each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together, as opposed to the independent assortment seen with genes located on different chromosomes. This contrasts with other patterns such as codominance or incomplete dominance, which describe the expression of alleles in a heterozygote.