Final answer:
Lawrence and Ochman (1998) proposed the ratchet effect theory in social capital literature, which explains the continuous accumulation of social capital through new connections.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lawrence and Ochman (1998) proposed the ratchet effect theory in social capital literature. According to their theory, social relationships have an inherent positive return. The ratchet effect occurs when an individual gains a new social connection that increases their social capital. This new connection then makes it easier for them to form more connections in the future, leading to a continuous accumulation of social capital.