Question

Which of the following variables is NOT capable of directly altering venous pressure?

A) blood volume
B) parasympathetic nervous activity
C) standing upright
D) posture
E) muscle activity

Answer 1

Muscle activity is NOT capable of directly altering venous pressure.

Step-by-step explanation:

The variable that is NOT capable of directly altering venous pressure is E) muscle activity.

Factors that directly alter venous pressure include blood volume (A), parasympathetic nervous activity (B), standing upright (C), and posture (D). Muscle activity, on the other hand, affects blood flow within the veins rather than directly altering venous pressure. When muscles contract, they exert pressure on nearby veins and help move blood back to the heart, but they do not change the pressure within the veins themselves.