Final answer:
The cerebrum, which includes the cerebral cortex, is the brain section with distinct gray and white matter regions, along with the characteristic sulci and gyri responsible for higher brain functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The section of the brain that is composed of distinct regions of gray and white matter and develops with sulci and gyri is the cerebrum. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of grey matter covering the forebrain, characterized by wrinkles and folds known as gyri and sulci. The cerebrum is the region of the adult brain that develops from the telencephalon and is responsible for higher neurological functions such as memory, emotion, and consciousness. It is separated into two halves, the right and left cerebral hemispheres, by the longitudinal fissure. The cerebral cortex is specifically known for its pattern of folds that maximizes gray matter allowing for the advanced functions of the nervous system.