Final answer:
A routine stool specimen can provide information about causative agents, the presence of blood, and the diagnosis of specific conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A routine stool specimen can provide various types of information. It can help identify possible causative agents such as bacteria and cysts. Additionally, the presence of blood in the stool can be detected, which is associated with certain types of infectious agents.
Stool samples can also be examined using serological or molecular techniques, including immunoassays and PCR testing. Furthermore, microscopic examination of stool samples over several days can be performed to diagnose certain conditions like giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis.