Final answer:
The 5' cap and the poly-A tail are the two structures that interact to provide mRNA stability by protecting the mRNA from degradation and aiding in the translation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two structures that interact with each other to provide mRNA stability are the 5' cap and the poly-A tail. The 5' cap is a modified guanosine triphosphate (GTP) molecule that is added to the 5' end of the mRNA in a backward orientation to protect it from exonucleases. In contrast, the poly-A tail is a chain of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end.
These caps prevent degradation of the mRNA and facilitate its export from the nucleus. Moreover, RNA-binding proteins also associate with the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) and contribute to the mRNA's stability and functionality. Additionally, these structures and binding proteins play a role in initiating the translation process by ribosomes.