Final answer:
Coaching is best described as functioning within the present and oriented towards the future, focusing on performance and goal achievement, distinct from clinical psychology's focus on diagnosing and treating psychological issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The field of coaching best describes option 1) Functions somewhere within the present and desired future. Coaching is a practice aimed at improving an individual's performance and focuses on the development and implementation of strategies to reach specific personal or professional results.
Unlike clinical psychology, which is an area within psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders, coaching is not typically concerned with the past nor does it come from a place of healing like counseling psychology. Moreover, it does not generally lead to a diagnosis and treatment like clinical psychology.