Final answer:
According to Arnold Toynbee, civilizations have specific characteristics such as social development, sustainable farming, access to water, organized government, progress and innovation, and an enlightened culture. Various factors including natural resources, military power, climate change, disease, and warfare can impact the rise and fall of civilizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to historian Arnold Toynbee, all civilizations possess certain components and criteria that define them. These include social development, sustainable farming, access to water, a government organization, progress and innovation, and an enlightened culture. Additionally, civilizations have emerged, expanded, and collapsed throughout history, with factors such as natural resources, military power, climate change, disease, and warfare influencing their rise and fall.