Final answer:
A Hiatal hernia is the condition where the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of hernia that involves the stomach protruding through the diaphragm is a Hiatal hernia. This condition occurs when the upper part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm has a small opening (hiatus) through which the esophagus passes before connecting to the stomach. In a hiatal hernia, this opening becomes weak, and the upper part of the stomach bulges through, leading to potential discomfort and other symptoms.