Final answer:
Physiological buffers help maintain pH balance in the body. Examples include the bicarbonate system, proteins such as albumin and hemoglobin, and antacids.
Step-by-step explanation:
A buffer is a chemical system that prevents a radical change in fluid pH by dampening the change in hydrogen ion concentrations in the case of excess acid or base. Physiological buffers help maintain the pH balance in the body. Examples of physiological buffers include the bicarbonate system, cell and plasma proteins, hemoglobin, phosphates, and carbonic acid.
For instance, the bicarbonate buffer is the primary buffering system in the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells in tissues throughout the body. It helps regulate pH by absorbing excess hydroxide ions or hydrogen ions. In addition to this, proteins such as albumin and hemoglobin also act as buffers to maintain the pH of the biological system.
Another example of a buffer is antacids, which are used to combat excess stomach acid. These over-the-counter medications work by absorbing hydrogen ions and moderating pH. Water also plays a role in buffering pH due to its unique properties.