Final answer:
An argument is made effective by clearly stating a thesis, backing it with reasoning and evidence, and addressing counterarguments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parts of an argument make it effective by clearly presenting a thesis statement or main idea, supporting it with logical reasoning and evidence, and responding to counterarguments. The argument should include claims that are backed by various types of evidence such as facts, statistics, and expert opinions, which are then properly cited within the work. Additionally, effective arguments address and refute any significant counterclaims, demonstrating the author's understanding of the complexity of the issue and enhancing their credibility. Structuring an argument in this way guides readers through the author's thought process, creating a logical progression that leads to a convincing conclusion.