Question

Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars. Which of these processes do the bacteria use to produce sugars?

A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Fermentation
D. Chemosynthesis

Answer 1

Deep-sea bacteria use chemosynthesis to produce sugars, relying on chemical energy from inorganic molecules instead of sunlight, supporting unique ecosystems around hydrothermal vents.

Step-by-step explanation:

The types of bacteria that live in deep ocean environments where sunlight is not available use a process called chemosynthesis to make sugars. Unlike photosynthetic organisms that require sunlight to produce organic compounds, these bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia. An example of this chemical reaction is the conversion of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide into carbohydrates, sulfur, and water:

CO₂ + O₂ + 4H₂S → CH₂O + 4S + 3H₂O

This process supports unique ecosystems around hydrothermal vents, also known as "black smokers," where a diverse array of animals, such as tubeworms, crustaceans, and octopuses depend on chemoautotrophic bacteria for their energy needs.