Final answer:
The Babylonian Empire was an ancient civilization that flourished in Mesopotamia. They were skilled astronomers and mathematicians, known for their ability to predict eclipses and create detailed calendars. However, their empire was eventually conquered by the Persians in the 6th century BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Babylonian Empire, also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, was a significant civilization in ancient Mesopotamia. It rose to power in the late 7th century BCE and became dominant in the Near East, ruling over territories in Mesopotamia, Syria, and parts of the Mediterranean. The Babylonians inherited the scientific traditions of ancient Mesopotamia and became renowned astronomers and mathematicians, able to predict eclipses and create detailed calendars. They also created the zodiac used in astrology, reflecting their blend of science and 'magic.' However, their empire eventually fell to the Persians around 539 BCE.