Final answer:
Calcium channels in the sarcolemma and ATP-dependent calcium pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are vital for calcium regulation in smooth vascular muscle, which triggers and relaxes contraction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sarcolemmal transporters involved in calcium regulation in smooth vascular muscle includes calcium channels in the sarcolemma that open during the action potential, facilitating the influx of extracellular calcium ions. These ions bind to calmodulin within the sarcoplasm, which activates myosin (light chain) kinase, and subsequent phosphorylation of myosin heads leading to muscle contraction. Additionally, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a crucial role in storing and releasing calcium ions. Muscle contraction is regulated through the active transport of calcium ions back into the SR by ATP-dependent calcium pumps, while a low calcium concentration is maintained in the sarcoplasm to preserve muscle tone.