Final answer:
The ethical principle that allows individuals to make their own decisions and determine their actions is the principle of autonomy, relevant in both health care and economics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ethical principle which states that individuals have the right to determine their own actions and the freedom to make their own decisions is the principle of autonomy. This principle is particularly significant in clinical settings, where it gives patients the right to exercise self-determination regarding their health care. The embodiment of this principle is seen in the practice of obtaining informed consent before a patient participates in a clinical trial, ensuring that the patient is aware of all relevant information and consents without coercion. Similarly, in economic terms, the application of autonomy allows individuals to make choices about what to purchase and where to work, respecting the moral value of personal freedom to make economic choices.