Final answer:
ATM kinase is an enzyme involved in the repair of DNA damage and plays a crucial role in coordinating responses to dsDNA breaks in cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question falls under Biology.
The question is asking about the functions of an ATM in coordinating responses to dsDNA breaks. In biology, ATM stands for Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated protein, which is a kinase enzyme involved in the repair of DNA damage. When a cell experiences DNA breaks, ATM kinase can be activated and phosphorylate other proteins like p53, Mdm2, and Chk2. These phosphorylated proteins then play important roles in cell cycle checkpoint function and cell cycle arrest while errors in DNA are corrected.
For example, one of the signaling pathways regulated by ATM involves the phosphorylation of p53. Phosphorylated p53 protein can activate the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair or trigger apoptosis if the DNA damage is too severe to be repaired.