Final answer:
When the alpha chain does not properly assemble with the beta chain, it can lead to serious complications. For example, in sickle cell anemia, a single amino acid substitution in the beta chain of hemoglobin changes the structure of the protein so much that it causes the red blood cells to change shape and block the blood flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the alpha chain does not properly assemble with the beta chain, it can lead to serious complications. In individuals with hemoglobin S, which has a different amino acid in the beta chains, the protein molecules can aggregate when oxygen is released. This causes the red cells to deform and break. For example, in sickle cell anemia, a single amino acid substitution in the beta chain of hemoglobin changes the structure of the protein so much that it causes the red blood cells to change shape and block the blood flow.