Final answer:
Oral candidiasis, known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida spp., particularly affecting those with compromised immune systems, such as the elderly with reduced vertical dimension of the jaw due to denture use. It presents as white lesions in the mouth and throat and is not sexually transmitted, but rather arises from imbalances within the normal oral microbiota.
Step-by-step explanation:
Oral candidiasis, also known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. It primarily affects individuals with a compromised immune system, such as the elderly or those who are immunodeficient. Oral thrush is characterized by white lesions in the mouth and throat and is especially common in individuals with reduced vertical dimension, often seen in older adults with denture-related issues. This type of candidiasis can arise when changes in the oral microbiota, pH levels, or immune defenses allow Candida to grow unchecked. While Candida spp. are part of the normal oral flora, they can become pathogenic under certain conditions.
Non-transmissible by nature, oral candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, but rather is associated with an overgrowth of Candida within the normal oral microbiota. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, and maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial for prevention, especially for those at an increased risk like the immuno-compromised and the elderly.