Final answer:
A caldera is a large depression that forms when a volcanic edifice collapses into the emptied magma chamber following an eruption, demonstrating the dynamic geology observed on Earth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The volcanic feature that forms after a volcanic edifice collapses through faulting into the magma chamber is called a caldera. After an eruption, the magma chamber beneath a volcano is often depleted, leading to a loss of structural support for the overlying rock. The ground surface then caves in, forming a large, depression-like feature, which is termed a caldera.
These can be seen in active geology, like the plume ash coming from the Cleveland Volcano mentioned, which underscores the dynamic and ever-changing nature of Earth's crust due to various forces including tectonic and volcanic forces. The caldera of a volcano gives us insight into this dynamic geological activity that shapes our planet's surface.