Final answer:
The olfactory bulb controls the sense of smell by processing signals from olfactory receptor neurons in the nose and sending this information to the brain. Olfactory sensors are stimulated by airborne molecules that dissolve in mucus and bind to receptors, which subsequently trigger a signal to the olfactory bulb.
Step-by-step explanation:
Function of the Olfactory Bulb
The function of the olfactory bulb is to control the sense of smell. This bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe receives signals from olfactory receptor neurons, which detect chemicals dissolved in the nasal mucus. Each olfactory neuron has hair-like extensions that serve as the sites for odor molecules to interact with chemical receptors and initiate a signal to the olfactory bulb. After receiving these signals, the olfactory bulb processes the information and sends it to different regions of the brain, like the olfactory cortex and other areas involved in memory, emotions, and recognition of odors. This direct connection allows certain smells to trigger emotional memories and responses.
Stimulation of Olfactory Sensors
The olfactory sensors in the nose are stimulated when airborne molecules are inhaled and dissolve into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium. These molecules bind to proteins that transport them to the olfactory receptors. When an odorant-protein complex binds to a receptor protein on the olfactory dendrites, it triggers a reaction that leads to the creation of a graded membrane potential in the neurons. This signal is then transmitted to the olfactory bulb, effectively allowing us to perceive various odors.