Europeans were motivated by economic opportunities, strategic advantages, and political aspirations to conquer the cities of Nanjing, Calicut, and Mogadishu.
How do we explain?
Nanjing was a major trading center and manufacturing hub, renowned for its production of silk, porcelain, and other goods. Controlling Nanjing would provide Europeans with access to these valuable commodities and lucrative markets.
Calicut was a major port city on the Malabar Coast, known as a gateway to the lucrative spice trade. Spices like pepper, cloves, and nutmeg were highly sought-after in Europe, and controlling Calicut would provide Europeans with direct access to these valuable commodities.
Then Mogadishu was a prominent port city on the east coast of Africa, participating in the lucrative gold trade with the interior regions. Controlling Mogadishu would provide Europeans with a direct source of gold and access to African markets.
The map is attached as image.