Question

Explain changes of state of water based on arrangement and energy or molecules and name processes. Identify which are endothermic, exothermic, and what that means about energy absorbed or released to the environment.

Answer 1

Changes of state of water involve endothermic and exothermic processes depending on whether heat is absorbed or released. Melting and evaporating are endothermic processes, while condensation and freezing are exothermic processes. The specific amount of energy absorbed or released during these processes is determined by the enthalpy of fusion and enthalpy of vaporization.

Step-by-step explanation:

Changes of state of water are based on the arrangement and energy of water molecules. Melting and evaporating are endothermic processes, which require the addition of heat to break intermolecular interactions. Condensation and freezing, on the other hand, are exothermic processes, which release heat when intermolecular interactions are reformed. The enthalpy of fusion or heat of fusion is the specific amount of energy absorbed or released when one gram of substance changes between a solid and a liquid, while the enthalpy of vaporization or heat of vaporization is the energy change at the boiling point when one gram of substance changes between a liquid and a gas.