Final answer:
Data analysis involves searching for patterns and relationships within data. It is key in hypothesis-based research, encompassing inductive reasoning for forming theories and deductive reasoning for hypothesis testing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The activity that involves searching for patterns and relationships among data is known as c) Data analysis. This process is key in both scientific and non-scientific fields. In science, data analysis plays a vital role in hypothesis-based research, which often relies on inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning uses specific observations to reach general conclusions or theories, effectively forming patterns from collected data. Deductive reasoning then applies these general theories to predict specific outcomes or test specific hypotheses, moving from the general to the particular.
When scientists apply the scientific method, they often use both types of reasoning. Inductive reasoning helps them to develop hypotheses from observed patterns, while deductive reasoning allows them to test these hypotheses against empirical data. Thus, together they advance scientific knowledge.