Final answer:
The electron is the subatomic particle with a negative charge, orbiting the positively charged nucleus of an atom.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subatomic particle that has a negative charge is the electron. Electrons are one of the three main types of particles that make up an atom, along with protons which have a positive charge, and neutrons which have no charge. While protons and neutrons constitute the atom's nucleus, electrons are found orbiting this positively charged center. This structure of the atom reflects the balance of positive and negative charges that determine the characteristics of matter as we understand it in chemistry. The electron is represented as e-, where the superscript indicates its negative charge.