Final answer:
Four types of cells that can form ATP without the presence of oxygen are anaerobic bacteria, yeast, skeletal muscle cells, and red blood cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Four types of cells that can form ATP without the presence of oxygen are:
- Anaerobic bacteria: These bacteria can generate energy through fermentation in the absence of oxygen. Examples include Lactobacillus and Clostridium.
- Yeast: Yeast cells are capable of undergoing fermentation to produce ATP without oxygen. This process is utilized in making bread and alcoholic beverages.
- Skeletal muscle cells: During intense exercise, when oxygen supply is insufficient, skeletal muscle cells can switch to anaerobic respiration, converting glucose into ATP through fermentation.
- Red blood cells: Red blood cells lack mitochondria, which are necessary for aerobic respiration. Hence, they solely rely on glycolysis, a form of fermentation, to produce ATP.
Learn more about Types of cells that can form ATP without oxygen