Answer:
There are two main types of mature bone tissue: cortical bone and trabecular (or cancellous) bone. Each type has distinct properties and functions within the human body.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Cortical Bone:
Structure: Also known as compact bone, cortical bone is dense and forms the outer shell of all bones. It is solid and strong, providing support and protection.
Properties:
Density: Cortical bone is dense and heavy due to its tightly packed structure.
Strength: It is highly resistant to bending or breaking and provides mechanical support to the body.
Mineral Content: Cortical bone contains a high mineral content, primarily calcium and phosphate, making it rigid and hard.
Porosity: Cortical bone has low porosity, meaning it has fewer open spaces or pores compared to trabecular bone.
Function: Cortical bone provides structural support and protection for vital organs, such as the skull protecting the brain.
2. Trabecular (Cancellous) Bone:
Structure: Trabecular bone has a spongy, lattice-like structure and is found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the interior of vertebrae, ribs, and the sternum.
Properties:
Porosity: Trabecular bone has a high porosity, with many open spaces or trabeculae, giving it a spongy appearance.
Flexibility: It is more flexible than cortical bone, making it better at absorbing shock and impact.
Mineral Content: Trabecular bone also contains minerals, but it is less dense and has a higher surface area for metabolic activities.
Function: Trabecular bone provides structural support and helps in the production and storage of red and white blood cells in the bone marrow.