Answer:
Fatimid Caliphate
Step-by-step explanation:
In 1099, the Holy Land was under the control of the Fatimid Caliphate, a Shi'a Muslim state that had been established in North Africa and the Middle East. However, in the same year, the Crusaders, a European Christian army, launched a military campaign to capture Jerusalem and other territories in the region. After a long and bloody siege, the Crusaders succeeded in capturing Jerusalem on July 15, 1099, and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which became a Christian state in the region. So, by the end of 1099, the Crusaders had control of the Holy Land, specifically the area around Jerusalem.