Answer:
Factions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Madison believe that factions generally only Interested to pass the legislations that benefited each of their group rather than the society as a whole. Making them really pervasive for good governance.
At that time, one of the biggest factions that exist was Federalists vs Anti-federalist. The federalist wanted the constitution to have a stronger/more comprehensive power while the anti-Federalist wanted the states law to have stronger power.