An antibiotic is designed to kill bad cells to help aid illnesses. However, a pathogen is like a virus or a bacteria that can give a disease. Doctors observe pathogens on a atomic and cellular level to alienate the pathogens weaknesses and what does or doesn't kill it. An antibiotic is commonly used to kill these pathogens and prevent infections.
Basically, the big difference between an antibiotic and a pathogen, is that an antibiotic is used as a source of protection and a pathogen is a seperate living virus (disease). Both are key components of finding cures for harmful viruses and illnesses.
Hope this helps.
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