It started from 1642 to 1651. It was caused by The King’s did not convene Parliament for a long time and tried to collect money without parliament’s consent. As a result war broke out between King Charles and Parliament. Through the efforts of The Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell, Parliament won the war. Charles was later arrested and tried for treason which led to his execution. Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector and this resulted from Monarchy later needing the consent of Parliament before it acts on something.