It was Indonesia. East Timor was former colony of Portugal until Portugal abandoned it due to the 1974 Revolution. The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor declared independence in
November 28, 1975 but Indonesia invaded East Timor and made it its 27th province on July 17, 1976. The Indonesian government ruled East Timor brutally. After President Suharto stepped down from power, a referendum backed by the U.N. was called in August 1999 and the people voted for independence. This was met with violence from East Timorese pro-integration militia who were aided by elements of the Indonesian military. This resulted in Australian-led international peacekeeping force being sent to the area. The U.N. took over the government and later independence in East Timor was formalized in May 20, 2002.