Suffrage means the right to vote- the correct answer is A.
From this word another word was made: Suffragette, for the women who were fighting for female suffrage in 19th and 20th centuries.
let's look at the other options:
B. freedom to make one's voice heard.
-as far as I know, this term doesn't have a specific name. It is an important aspect of democracy though
C. Soviet labor camps.
-these were called "Gulags"
D. extermination of Jews under Hitler
-this is called "Holocaust" or "Shoah"