The question is asking us how was Islam spread through the Middle East after the death of Muhammad. Muhammad is considered by Muslims to be the last prophet, sent by Allah. He lived from 570 to 630. The Arabs were very successful of expanding in 10 years after his death. The Arab conquests started under the Umayyad caliphs. Around 640 Arabs conquered Byzantium`s provinces Syria and Egypt. After that they continued with their expansion in North Africa and the Middle East. Answer: Islam was spread through the Middle East primarly by Arab conquests.