When the Zhou Dynasty was split and gradually fell apart, China was split into a number of smaller states which competed for power. Many philosophical theories emerged at this time which led to a time of political and social turmoil which was later called the "100 Schools of Thoughts. The three schools of thought that have lasted are Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Confucius stressed moral cultivation of individuals, service to the state and leadership by educated, ethical men.