Connotation is the emotion that a word incites in someone. It doesn't have to do with the word's actual definition, (denotation) but is very important to its usage.
The words "puppy" and "doggy" have a good connotation, making them sound cute and diminuitive.
The words "mutt" and "hound" have a bad connotation, which makes them sound dangerous.
The words mean the same thing (they have the same denotation) but the sentence changes a lot depending on which one you choose.
As for the examples you gave, "standpoint," "view," and "perspective" are all pretty neutral. (not good or bad) However, a "bias" is a view which is clouded by something, usually personal interest. Note that not only is the connotation of this word different, but the denotation is too.