Final answer:
Socrates introduced the method of question and argument, known as the Socratic method, to Grecian education, which fundamentally changed the approach to learning and philosophy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosopher who introduced the method of question and argument to Grecian education was Socrates. Socrates's approach to knowledge was through engaging in dialectical discussions, questioning and closely examining the views of his interlocutors. Unlike his predecessors, the Sophists, who may have taught rhetorical skills for the sake of persuasion, Socrates sought to uncover deeper philosophical truths through reasoned discourse. This method of inquiry, known as the Socratic method, involves asking a series of questions to challenge and stimulate critical thinking, with the aim of arriving at a more profound understanding of fundamental concepts and truths.
Plato, a student of Socrates, documented his teacher's dialectical methods in the form of dialogues, where Socrates was often the main character participating in philosophical debates. These dialogues have become a central source of understanding Socratic philosophy. Aristotle, who was Plato's student, further contributed to the tradition by founding his school, the Lyceum, and focusing on empirical observation and analysis of the natural world and human society.