Russia encouraged Slave nationalism while Austria worried that this nationalism could undermine their empire. Russia supported Serbia which was very bitter at the annexation of Bosnia and saw themselves as Serbia's protector. Austria, Hungary, was a multi-ethnic state which means that it was made up from people of many different nationalities. This caused problems when Nationalism took place because all of the different groups of nationalities wanted to have their independence, they wanted national statehood. This caused turmoil and instability within the Empire.