Answer:
A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write. Literacy tests have been administered by various governments to immigrants. In the United States, between the 1850s[1] and 1960s, literacy tests were administered to prospective voters, and this had the effect of disenfranchising African Americans and others. Other countries, notably Australia, as part of its White Australia policy, and South Africa adopted literacy tests either to exclude certain racialized groups from voting or from immigrating.
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