Kemal organized nationalists to take control of the government and eliminated the sultanate.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey.
The correct answer between all the choices given is the third choice or letter C. I am hoping that this answer has satisfied your query and it will be able to help you in your endeavor, and if you would like, feel free to ask another question.