The first alternative is the most correct (A).
In the late 1080s and early 1990s Eastern Europe had experienced the collapse of the Soviet Union, which had imposed a communist regime in those countries.
The ruin of the regime has caused many deaths, starvation, shortages and collapses in basic health and care services.
In this scenario, many protests occurred in the countries of the region. This marked the end of the Cold War, with cap- italism becoming the hegemonic regime.