If this is the list of answers you've been given:
a. a desire for the people to self-govern
c. loyalty for one’s culture and country
b. the creation of nation-states in Europe
d. people’s disapproval of the decision made at the Congress of Vienna
Then the correct answer would be D - the people's disapproval of the decision made at the Congress of Vienna.
All of the other answers had a role and played their part in the rise of nationalism in Europe.