DIFFERENCES: Planets move around the sun, as different from Ptolemaic. Planets move in ellipses, as opposed to Copernican circles. All planets revolve around the sun, as different from the Tychonic view. The spacing of planetary orbits are a matter of chance, as opposed to Kepler's harmonic distances. Two new planets (Neptune & Uranus) Discovered the Asteroid Belt. Found that planets orbit the sun, not the Earth. Discovered that Saturn has rings.
SIMILARITIES: We still have our moon orbiting the Earth. We can only see the planets at night. We can only see the sun at day. Both are based on the same solar system. Both show the inner planets, the Moon, the Sun, Jupiter, and Saturn. Both were made by many observations of the sky.