The correct answer is C) Expanded manufacturing.
During the Columbian Exchange, the increased supply of raw materials from the Americas affected Europe in "expanded manufacturing."
Historians apply the term "the Columbian Exchange" to the permanent crossing of goods, animals, people, and European diseases from Europe to the Americas and vice versa.
The European nations increased trade and the exchange of goods rapidly expanded during these colonial years. Europe coined the term "Mercantilism" to identify the regulation of the economy by the government because it wanted to increase power and dominion over other nations. That is why European monarchies exerted so much pressure in the economy of their American colonies.