The situations in which media fail to fullfil this role can be distinguished as two groups:
- when the media is biased, for example by pushing some agenda (case 1) or by being paid for by someone (case 2) or when the state exercises pressure on the media to present the state views (case 3)
-when the media manipulates the information to attack the readers, for example by creating conflict that don't really exist (case 4) or by presenting some people in an unfairly negative view because it "sells" (case 5)