The answer to the question is letter A. perihelion.
>The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet,or a body where it is nearest to its point of orbit, generally a star. It's the opposite of aphelion-- the point in the orbit where the celestial body is farthest from its point of orbit.
>>The perihelion and aphelion are the nearest and farthest points of a body's direct orbit around the Sun.