Final answer:
DNA is made up of components called nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. These nucleotides form the double helix structure of DNA with specific base pairing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The components which make up DNA are called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, and a phosphate group. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These bases pair specifically with each other, A with T and C with G, to form the double helix structure of DNA. The sugar involved in DNA nucleotides is deoxyribose, and it is this sugar that the phosphate group attaches to, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule.